Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bivuga cyane cyane ibice byigenga, muribyo bice bya RCL nibice byingenzi, hamwe nibicuruzwa byinshi nibisabwa.Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ku isi byanyuze mu byiciro bitatu byiterambere, Ubushinwa hamwe n’inganda ya gatatu y’inganda zihererekanyabubasha hamwe n’inkunga ya politiki y’igihugu, bigiye kwinjira mu iterambere ryihuse ry’isimburwa ry’imbere mu gihugu, hamwe no kuzamura iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoronike, inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kuva mu hasi-iherezo kugeza hagati no hejuru-guhinduka, kwerekana amahirwe menshi yiterambere.
Ibikoresho 1 bya elegitoronike nibyo
Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nibicuruzwa byarangiye bidahindura ibice bya molekile mugihe cyo kubyara no gutunganya, nka résistoriste, capacator, inductor, nibindi .. Kuberako idatanga electroni zayo, ntagenzura no guhindura voltage numuyoboro, bityo bizwi kandi nka ibikoresho bya pasiporo, kandi kubera ko bidashobora gushimishwa no kongera ibimenyetso byamashanyarazi byongerewe imbaraga, kunyeganyega, nibindi, igisubizo cyikimenyetso cyamashanyarazi nicyoroshye kandi kiganduka, kizwi kandi nkibigize pasiporo.
Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bigabanijwe cyane mubice bigize urwego rwumuzunguruko hamwe nu byiciro byihuza, ibice byumuzunguruko bigizwe ahanini nibice bya RCL, ibice bya RCL ni résistoriste, capacator na inductor ubwoko butatu, hamwe na transformateur, relay, nibindi.;ibice byihuza ibice birimo ibyiciro bibiri, kimwe kubice bifatika bifatika, harimo guhuza, socket, imbaho zicapye zicapye (PCB), nibindi, nibindi kubikoresho bya RF passiyo, harimo gushungura, guhuza Ibindi nibikoresho bya RF byoroheje, harimo gushungura , guhuza, resonator, nibindi
Ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bizwi ku izina rya "umuceri w’inganda za elegitoroniki", muri byo agaciro k’ibicuruzwa bigize RCL kangana na 89% by’ibicuruzwa byose byasohotse mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, capacator, inductors, résistants bifata igice kinini cy’ibicuruzwa biva mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki .
Muri rusange, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nkibikoresho byibanze bya elegitoronike, hamwe nibikoresho byo hasi ya terefone ikora neza bigenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, ijwi ryaragabanutse buhoro buhoro, byerekana inzira yiterambere rya miniaturizasiya, kwishyira hamwe, gukora cyane, ibice bya chip byahindutse inzira nyamukuru yibigize RCL, bihinduka umushoferi nyamukuru witerambere ryinganda.
2 Isoko ryifashe
1, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki inganda murwego rwo hejuru
Guhera mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka wa 2020, hamwe n'icyorezo gishya cy'ikamba cyongeye gukira, munsi ya 5G, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ndetse n'ibindi bice bikenerwa cyane, ibicuruzwa bitangwa, inganda zafunguye icyiciro gishya cyo kuzamuka.Biteganijwe ko 2026 ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bingana na miliyari 39,6 z'amadolari, 2019-2026 umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa 5.24%.Muri byo, iterambere rya 5G, terefone zifite ubwenge, imodoka zifite ubwenge, nibindi, bihinduka moteri nyamukuru yo guteza imbere icyiciro gishya cyiterambere ryibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.
Ikwirakwizwa rya tekinoroji ya 5G rizaba 1-2 yubunini burenze 4G, kandi kwiyongera kwumuvuduko wohereza bizatwara umubare wayunguruzo, ibyuma byongerera ingufu nibindi bikoresho bya RF imbere, kandi bikurura ikoreshwa rya inductors, capacator na ibindi bikoresho bya elegitoroniki bifitanye isano.
Porogaramu ya terefone igendanwa ikomeje gukungahaza, gukurikirana ibintu byanyuma mu mikorere no mu mikorere, kugirango iteze imbere chip, guhuza ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike kuri miniaturizasi yiterambere icyarimwe, gukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike ya terefone imwe ni kwiyongera vuba.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ingufu zimodoka, sisitemu ya infotainment, sisitemu yo kugenzura umutekano hamwe na sisitemu ya elegitoronike yumubiri kugirango tunoze uburambe bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga bifasha bikomeje kwiyongera, kuzamura umuvuduko wibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bikomeza kwiyongera.Biteganijwe ko impuzandengo rusange yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yimodoka bizarenga 5.000, bingana na 40% byumusaruro wibinyabiziga byose.
2, umugabane wUbushinwa kwihutisha ifatwa ryisoko
Kuva isaranganya ryakarere, muri 2019, umugabane wUbushinwa na Aziya hamwe bifata 63% byimigabane yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ku isi.Umwanya wa capacitor Ubuyapani, Koreya na Tayiwani oligopoly, umurima wo guhangana Ubushinwa Tayiwani Guoguang umwanya wiganje, umurima wa inductor kubakora mubuyapani nkibiganje.
Amashusho
Hamwe no kuzamura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi, ikoranabuhanga rishya hamwe na 5G byahujwe kugira ngo birusheho kwiyongera ku bikenerwa mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, Abayapani n’Abanyakoreya bakora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki batangiye guhindura ingamba zabo, ubushobozi bw’umusaruro buhoro buhoro bujya mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, inganda zo mu rwego rwa minisiteri zo mu rwego rwo hejuru- ubushobozi, ibicuruzwa bipima cyane nibice bya RF.
Ubuyapani na Koreya yepfo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bizamura imiterere yibicuruzwa icyarimwe bigenda bireka buhoro buhoro kureka isoko ryo hagati nisoko ryo hasi, bigatuma habaho itangwa ryibisabwa nibisabwa hagati no hagati, kugeza kumahirwe yiterambere ryibigo bikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, imbere mu gihugu hagaragaye ibigo byinshi byujuje ubuziranenge, nk'itsinda ry'impeta eshatu (capacitori ceramic), Electronics ya Faraday (capacitori ya firime), Shun Lo Electronics (inductors), Aihua Group (capacitori ya aluminium electrolytique), nibindi ..
Hamwe no gukura buhoro buhoro inganda z’Abayapani n’Abanyakoreya ku isoko ryo hasi, inganda zo mu gihugu zatangiye kwihutisha umugabane w’isoko, inganda zo mu gihugu nka Fenghua, impeta eshatu, Yuyang, n’ibindi zashyizeho imishinga mishya y’ubushobozi bwo gukora, mu myaka itatu iri imbere. yo kwagura ubushobozi niyongera ryinshi, biteganijwe ko byihutisha umugabane wisoko.
Ahantu 3 hashyushye
1 ip Chip multilayer ceramic capacitor inganda
Nk’uko imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki mu Bushinwa ibigaragaza, ingano y’isoko rya ceramic capacitor ku isi yazamutseho 3,82% umwaka ushize ku mwaka igera kuri miliyari 77.5 mu mwaka wa 2019, bingana na 52% by’isoko rya capacitor ku isi;Ubushinwa bw’ububiko bw’ubutaka bwiyongereyeho 6.2% muri 2018 bugera kuri miliyari 57.8, bingana na 54% by’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu;muri rusange, haba ku isi ndetse no mu gihugu ceramic capacitor isoko ryisoko ryerekana icyerekezo gihamye.
MLCC ifite ibyiza byubunini buto, ubushobozi bwihariye bwihariye, hamwe nibisobanuro bihanitse, kandi birashobora gushirwa hejuru ya PCBs, Hybrid IC substrates, nibindi, bisubiza inzira ya miniaturizasi nuburemere bworoshye bwibikoresho bya elegitoroniki.Mu myaka yashize, terefone zikoresha ubwenge, imodoka nshya zingufu, kugenzura inganda, itumanaho rya 5G nizindi nganda ziratera imbere byihuse, bizana umwanya munini witerambere ryinganda MLCC.Biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko rya MLCC ku isi iziyongera kugera kuri miliyari 108.3 mu mwaka wa 2023;Ubushinwa MLCC ubunini bw’isoko buziyongera bugere kuri miliyari 53.3, hamwe n’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri hejuru ugereranyije n’ikigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka ku isi.
Inganda MCLL kwisi yose ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwibanda kumasoko kandi yashizeho uburyo bwiza bwa oligopoly.Ibigo by’Ubuyapani bifite inyungu zikomeye muri echelon yambere kwisi yose, Koreya yepfo, Amerika, Ubushinwa na Tayiwani muri rusange muri echelon ya kabiri, ikoranabuhanga ry’imishinga yo mu Bushinwa ku rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga kandi urwego ruri inyuma cyane mu cyiciro cya gatatu.2020 ku isoko mpuzamahanga rya MLCC ku isi ibigo bine byambere ni Murata, amashanyarazi ya Samsung, Kokusai, amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, isoko rya 32%, 19%, 12%, 10%.
Isosiyete ikora imbere mu gihugu ifata isoko ryibicuruzwa byo hasi kandi biciriritse.Mu Bushinwa hari inganda zigera kuri 30 zikomeye za gisivili MLCC mu Bushinwa, hamwe n’inganda zaho zihagarariwe na Fenghua Hi-Tech, Itsinda rya Sanhuan, Ikoranabuhanga rya Yuyang na Micro Capacitor Electronics, zitanga cyane cyane ibicuruzwa bito n'ibiciriritse bifite agaciro gake kandi bifite tekiniki nkeya.
2 industry Inganda zikora firime
Hamwe n’iterambere ry’inganda nshya z’ingufu z’Ubushinwa, kandi hitawe ku bisabwa bikenewe mu kubungabunga ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, inganda za capacitori za firime zateye imbere kuva mu 2010 kugeza 2015, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere wakomeje guhagarara nyuma ya 2015, ukomeza kwiyongera ku mwaka ugereranyije. igipimo cya 6%, hamwe n’ubunini bw’isoko bugera kuri miliyari 9.04 Yuan muri 2019, bingana na 60% by’umusaruro rusange w’isoko ku isi, biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.
Hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingamba z’igihugu nka "kutabogama kwa karubone", isoko rishya ry’ingufu mu Bushinwa rizakomeza kwaguka no kuzana umuvuduko w’iterambere rirambye ku isoko rya capacitori.Biteganijwe ko isoko rya capacitori yimodoka nshya yingufu ziziyongera kuri CAGR ya 6.1% kuva 2020 kugeza 2025, ikazagera kuri miliyari 2.2 z'amadolari muri 2025, ikazaba isoko ry’abaguzi rikomeye kubakoresha firime.
Isoko ryinganda za firime kwisi yose yibanda cyane, hamwe nibyiza bigaragara mubigo bikuru.Ibirango bya mbere hamwe nu murongo wa mbere wibikoresho bya firime byihariwe ninganda zo mu Buyapani, Ubudage, Ubutaliyani, Amerika ndetse n’ibindi bihugu, ndetse n’inganda zo mu gihugu nka Farad Electronics na Copper Peak Electronics zashyizwe ku mwanya wa kabiri n’umurongo wa gatatu .Muri 2019 umugabane wamasoko ya capacitori yisi yose, Panasonic ifata igice kirenga icya kabiri cyumugabane wisoko, kandi uruganda rumwe rukumbi mugihugu cyUbushinwa, Farrar Electronics, ruri kumwanya wambere, rufite 8% byimigabane yisoko.
3 industry Inganda zirwanya inganda
Mu rwego rwo kwihutisha iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga nka 5G, ubwenge bw’ubukorikori, ibinyabiziga bishya by’ingufu, hamwe n’amakuru manini, abarwanya chip bakora umuvuduko w’iterambere binyuze mu bikorwa byo hasi, hamwe n’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byoroheje kandi byoroheje nk'akarere gakoreshwa cyane, bingana na 44% bya isoko, nibindi bice byingenzi birimo ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi, ibinyabiziga, itumanaho, inganda nigisirikare.Ingano ya chip irwanya isoko kuva 2016 kugeza 2020 yiyongereye kuva kuri miliyari 1.5 kugera kuri miliyari zisaga 1.7 USD, kandi biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko irwanya chip ku isi yose izagera kuri miliyari 2,4 USD mu 2027.
Kugeza ubu, amasosiyete yo muri Amerika n’Ubuyapani yiganje ku isoko ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru rirwanya chip, ariko kwaguka kumanuka ntibihagije.Amasosiyete yo muri Amerika n’Ubuyapani yibanda ku bicuruzwa bisobanutse neza, yibanda ku nzira zoroshye za firime, nka Amerika Vishay n’uruganda runini rukora ibintu birenze urugero, mu gihe Ubuyapani bufite ubushobozi bunini mu bijyanye na moderi ya 0201 na 0402 yerekana neza. ibicuruzwa.Kokusai yo muri Tayiwani ifite umugabane wa 34% ku isoko rya chip ristoriste ku isi, buri kwezi ikaba igera kuri miliyari 130.
Mainland Ubushinwa bufite isoko rinini rirwanya chip hamwe nigice gito cyibigo byaho.Isoko ry’Ubushinwa rishingiye ku mishinga ihuriweho n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga ni byinshi, kandi n’abakora inganda barwanya cyane cyane ni ibigo bya Leta byahinduwe mu masosiyete y’imigabane, nka Fenghua Hi-Tech na Huachuang y'Amajyaruguru, bikaba bigoye cyane kugira uruhare runini mu kurwanya chip. inganda, bivamo uruganda rwose rwa chip ristoriste inganda nini nini ariko ntabwo ikomeye.
4 、 Icapiro ryumuzunguruko wacapwe
Hamwe no guhanga udushya twibicuruzwa byitumanaho rya elegitoronike, icyifuzo cyibibaho byoroshye muri PCB cyagiye cyiyongera, urugero, icyifuzo cyibibaho byoroshye muri terefone ngendanwa ya Apple cyiyongereye kiva ku bice 13 mu gisekuru cya gatanu kigera ku bice 30 ubu, kandi igipimo biteganijwe ko inganda za PCB ku isi zizagera kuri miliyari 79.2 z'amadolari mu 2025. Umugabane w’isoko rya PCB mu Bushinwa mu myaka myinshi y’imigabane ya mbere ku isi ya mbere, 2025 biteganijwe ko uzarenga miliyari 41.8 z’amadolari y’Amerika, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa 6%, ukarenga izamuka ry’isi ku isi igipimo.
Mu isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byacapwe mu Bushinwa, abakora imyitozo ngororamubiri bigabanyijemo ibice bitatu byo hejuru, iciriritse ndetse n’icyiciro cyo hasi, urwego rwohejuru rwo gushora imari mu mahanga, Hong Kong, Tayiwani, inganda nke z’Abashinwa ziganje, inganda nyinshi zo mu gihugu mu murwa mukuru n’ikoranabuhanga ibibi, byibanze cyane kubicuruzwa byo hasi-bicuruzwa.
Ukurikije imigabane yisoko ryibigo bishobora kugaragara, kwibanda ku isoko ry’inganda zicapura imashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ni bike, byiyongereyeho gato mu myaka yashize.2020 Ubushinwa bwacapishijwe imashanyarazi y’inganda CR5 ni 34.46%, ugereranije na 2019 yiyongereyeho amanota 2.17;CR10 ni 50,71%, ugereranije na 2019 yiyongereyeho 1,88 ku ijana.
5 industry Inganda zitwara ibintu bya elegitoroniki
Kuvugurura ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki y’abaguzi nyuma yo gukundwa na 5G, guteza imbere ubwenge bw’ubukorikori n’iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi bizamura iterambere ry’isoko rya elegitoronike y’isoko rya elegitoronike, kandi biteganijwe ko isoko ry’abatwara impapuro ku isi ryiyongera ku gipimo cya 4.1%. umwaka-ku mwaka kugeza kuri miliyari 36,75 m muri 2021. Isoko ryo gutwara impapuro zikoreshwa mu isoko mu Bushinwa riziyongera ku gipimo cya 10.04% umwaka ushize kugera kuri miliyari 19.361 m muri 2022.
Ikarita ya elegitoroniki ya elegitoronike ni iyisoko ryiza, hamwe nisoko ryibikoresho bya elegitoronike kugirango habeho kwaguka kwisoko rya terefone ya elegitoronike, isoko ry’itumanaho rya elegitoroniki ku isi ndetse n’Ubushinwa ni isoko ihamye yo kuzamuka.Biteganijwe ko mu 2021 ingano y’isoko ry’abatwara impapuro ku isi iziyongera ku gipimo cya 4.2% ku mwaka ku mwaka igera kuri miliyari 2.76, naho mu 2022 ingano y’isoko ry’imashini zitwara impapuro mu Bushinwa iziyongera ku gipimo cya 12% umwaka ushize igere kuri miliyari 1.452 Yuan.
Ibigo by'Abashinwa, Abayapani, Abanyakoreya n'ibindi bihugu bifata igice kinini cy'isoko ku isi.Muri byo, ibigo by'Abayapani byatangiye kare kandi bifite ikoranabuhanga riyobora;Ibigo bya Koreya yepfo byateye imbere byihuse mumyaka yashize kandi kugurisha mumahanga byakomeje kwiyongera;inganda nziza cyane zitanga umusaruro zagaragaye nyuma yizindi mu Bushinwa na Tayiwani, kandi urwego rwabo rwo guhangana rugenda rwiyegereza kandi rurenga inganda z’Abayapani na Koreya mu bintu bimwe na bimwe.Umugabane wa JMSC ku isoko ryogutwara impapuro ku isi uzagera kuri 47% muri 2020.
Inganda zoroheje zitwara inganda zifite inzitizi nyinshi zo kwinjira kandi amarushanwa yo murugo ntabwo akaze.Kuva mu mwaka wa 2018, JEMSTEC ifite imigabane irenga 60% yo kugurisha impapuro zo mu gihugu imbere kandi hafi ya zose ntizihanganye, ariko ifite imbaraga nke zo guhahirana kubatanga isoko ryimbere hamwe nu mwanya wo guhahira kubaguzi bo hasi kandi ntabwo byugarijwe byoroshye nabashobora kwinjira ndetse nababasimbuye.
6 industry Inganda zikora ubukorikori bwa elegitoroniki
Ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byakozwe ninganda za MLCC ziyobowe nibigaragara.MLCC ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bya elegitoroniki, itumanaho, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, ibikoresho byo mu rugo n’izindi nzego, ingano y’isoko iri hejuru ya miliyari zirenga 100, ejo hazaza hateganijwe ko izakomeza kwiyongera buri mwaka ku kigero cya 10% kugeza kuri 15%, bigatuma u inganda zububiko bwa elegitoronike mubyiciro byiterambere byihuse.
Mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bukoresha isoko ry’ubukorikori bwa elegitoronike kugira ngo bugumane umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bwa 13% cyangwa burenga, biteganijwe ko buzagera kuri miliyari 114.54 mu 2023, umwanya munini wo gusimbuza imbere mu gihugu.Imashini ya elegitoroniki yo murugo ibona neza abakiriya kugirango bagure isoko ryaho;Imbere ya ceramic cleaver iri guca ibintu byiharira mumahanga, biteganijwe ko izagera kubunini bwihuse;Hagati aho, lisansi yo mu rugo diaphragm plate yibanze yikoranabuhanga ryagaragaye buhoro buhoro.
Ubuyapani, Amerika n'Uburayi biyoboye inganda zikoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ku isi, zifata isoko ryo mu rwego rwo hejuru.Ubuyapani, bufite inyungu z’ibikoresho byinshi bya elegitoroniki y’ubutaka, umusaruro mwinshi n’ikoranabuhanga ryiza, bifata 50% by’umugabane w’isoko ku isi, bikurikirwa n’Amerika n’Uburayi, bifata 30% na 10% by’imigabane ku isoko.Ubuyapani SaKai ku isoko ry’isi ku gipimo cya 28%, biza ku mwanya wa mbere, isosiyete yo muri Amerika Ferro ndetse no muri NCI y’Ubuyapani iri ku mwanya wa kabiri nuwa gatatu.
Bitewe n'inzitizi zikomeye zisabwa tekiniki na tekinoloji, hamwe n’inganda z’ubukorikori za elegitoroniki z’Ubushinwa zatangiye bitinze, abakora mu gihugu mu ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga, bongerewe agaciro kuruta icyamamare kizwi cyane mu mahanga icyuho kiragaragara, ibicuruzwa biriho ubu byibanda cyane ku bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hasi akarere.Ejo hazaza hamwe na gahunda yigihugu & D, ishoramari ry’isoko, kwagura ibikorwa, kwagura ikoranabuhanga risanzwe hamwe nibindi bintu byinshi byiza, bizafasha inganda zUbushinwa guhinduka buhoro buhoro mu cyerekezo cy’inganda zisobanutse neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-21-2022